As I imagine you've probably read about, the Windows 10 Anniversary Update included the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL). I don't fully understand the technical details, but I would imagine they've implemented something along the lines of the Linux emulation layer included in FreeBSD. There's still a fair amount I have to poke around with, but there are a few interesting things I've noticed so far:
- There doesn't seem to be an obvious location of where the virtual filesystem is (although, admittedly, I haven't tried that hard to find where it is, and pico processes don't seem to be introspectable by Process Explorer). It doesn't appear to be in the usual Windows Store package location (%USERPROFILE%\AppData\Local\Packages). Each user does have their own instance of the filesystem, though, so it can't be used as a sharing mechanism. I suppose on the bright side, lxrun.exe lets you reset your WSL installation in case you break it.
- WSL isn't able to run Windows executables, interestingly. So it looks like no scripting your Windows tools with a Linux stack.
- Quite a few packages are installed by default. As of today, 434 (no visudo, though):
accountsservice-0.6.35-0ubuntu7.2
acpid-1:2.0.21-1ubuntu2
adduser-3.113+nmu3ubuntu3
apparmor-2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5.3
apport-2.14.1-0ubuntu3.19
apport-symptoms-0.20
apt-1.0.1ubuntu2.11
apt-transport-https-1.0.1ubuntu2.11
apt-utils-1.0.1ubuntu2.11
apt-xapian-index-0.45ubuntu4
aptitude-0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4
aptitude-common-0.6.8.2-1ubuntu4
at-3.1.14-1ubuntu1
base-files-7.2ubuntu5.4
base-passwd-3.5.33
bash-4.3-7ubuntu1.5
bash-completion-1:2.1-4ubuntu0.1
bc-1.06.95-8ubuntu1
bind9-host-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
bsdmainutils-9.0.5ubuntu1
bsdutils-1:2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
busybox-initramfs-1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1
busybox-static-1:1.21.0-1ubuntu1
byobu-5.77-0ubuntu1.2
bzip2-1.0.6-5
ca-certificates-20160104ubuntu0.14.04.1
cloud-guest-utils-0.27-0ubuntu9.2
cloud-init-0.7.5-0ubuntu1.17
command-not-found-0.3ubuntu12
command-not-found-data-0.3ubuntu12
console-setup-1.70ubuntu8
coreutils-8.21-1ubuntu5.4
cpio-2.11+dfsg-1ubuntu1.2
cron-3.0pl1-124ubuntu2
cryptsetup-2:1.6.1-1ubuntu1
cryptsetup-bin-2:1.6.1-1ubuntu1
curl-7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6
dash-0.5.7-4ubuntu1
dbus-1.6.18-0ubuntu4.3
debconf-1.5.51ubuntu2
debconf-i18n-1.5.51ubuntu2
debianutils-4.4
dh-python-1.20140128-1ubuntu8.2
diffutils-1:3.3-1
dmidecode-2.12-2
dmsetup-2:1.02.77-6ubuntu2
dnsutils-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
dosfstools-3.0.26-1
dpkg-1.17.5ubuntu5.5
e2fslibs:amd64-1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3
e2fsprogs-1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3
eatmydata-26-2
ed-1.9-2
eject-2.1.5+deb1+cvs20081104-13.1
ethtool-1:3.13-1
file-1:5.14-2ubuntu3.3
findutils-4.4.2-7
fonts-ubuntu-font-family-console-0.80-0ubuntu6
friendly-recovery-0.2.25
ftp-0.17-28
fuse-2.9.2-4ubuntu4.14.04.1
gawk-1:4.0.1+dfsg-2.1ubuntu2
gcc-4.8-base:amd64-4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1
gcc-4.9-base:amd64-4.9.3-0ubuntu4
gdisk-0.8.8-1ubuntu0.1
geoip-database-20140313-1
gettext-base-0.18.3.1-1ubuntu3
gir1.2-glib-2.0-1.40.0-1ubuntu0.2
gnupg-1.4.16-1ubuntu2.3
gpgv-1.4.16-1ubuntu2.3
grep-2.16-1
groff-base-1.22.2-5
gzip-1.6-3ubuntu1
hdparm-9.43-1ubuntu3
hostname-3.15ubuntu1
ifupdown-0.7.47.2ubuntu4.4
info-5.2.0.dfsg.1-2
init-system-helpers-1.14
initramfs-tools-0.103ubuntu4.2
initramfs-tools-bin-0.103ubuntu4.2
initscripts-2.88dsf-41ubuntu6.3
insserv-1.14.0-5ubuntu2
install-info-5.2.0.dfsg.1-2
iproute2-3.12.0-2ubuntu1
iptables-1.4.21-1ubuntu1
iputils-ping-3:20121221-4ubuntu1.1
iputils-tracepath-3:20121221-4ubuntu1.1
irqbalance-1.0.6-2ubuntu0.14.04.4
isc-dhcp-client-4.2.4-7ubuntu12.4
isc-dhcp-common-4.2.4-7ubuntu12.4
iso-codes-3.52-1
kbd-1.15.5-1ubuntu1
keyboard-configuration-1.70ubuntu8
klibc-utils-2.0.3-0ubuntu1
kmod-15-0ubuntu6
krb5-locales-1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2
landscape-client-14.12-0ubuntu0.14.04
landscape-common-14.12-0ubuntu0.14.04
language-pack-en-1:14.04+20160720
language-pack-en-base-1:14.04+20160720
language-selector-common-0.129.3
laptop-detect-0.13.7ubuntu2
less-458-2
libaccountsservice0:amd64-0.6.35-0ubuntu7.2
libacl1:amd64-2.2.52-1
libapparmor-perl-2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5.3
libapparmor1:amd64-2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5.3
libapt-inst1.5:amd64-1.0.1ubuntu2.11
libapt-pkg4.12:amd64-1.0.1ubuntu2.11
libarchive-extract-perl-0.70-1
libasn1-8-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libasprintf0c2:amd64-0.18.3.1-1ubuntu3
libattr1:amd64-1:2.4.47-1ubuntu1
libaudit-common-1:2.3.2-2ubuntu1
libaudit1:amd64-1:2.3.2-2ubuntu1
libbind9-90-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
libblkid1:amd64-2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
libboost-iostreams1.54.0:amd64-1.54.0-4ubuntu3.1
libbsd0:amd64-0.6.0-2ubuntu1
libbz2-1.0:amd64-1.0.6-5
libc-bin-2.19-0ubuntu6.7
libc6:amd64-2.19-0ubuntu6.7
libcap-ng0-0.7.3-1ubuntu2
libcap2:amd64-1:2.24-0ubuntu2
libcap2-bin-1:2.24-0ubuntu2
libcgmanager0:amd64-0.24-0ubuntu7.5
libck-connector0:amd64-0.4.5-3.1ubuntu2
libclass-accessor-perl-0.34-1
libcomerr2:amd64-1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3
libcryptsetup4-2:1.6.1-1ubuntu1
libcurl3:amd64-7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6
libcurl3-gnutls:amd64-7.35.0-1ubuntu2.6
libcwidget3-0.5.16-3.5ubuntu1
libdb5.3:amd64-5.3.28-3ubuntu3
libdbus-1-3:amd64-1.6.18-0ubuntu4.3
libdbus-glib-1-2:amd64-0.100.2-1
libdebconfclient0:amd64-0.187ubuntu1
libdevmapper1.02.1:amd64-2:1.02.77-6ubuntu2
libdns100-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
libdrm2:amd64-2.4.64-1~ubuntu14.04.1
libdumbnet1-1.12-4build1
libedit2:amd64-3.1-20130712-2
libelf1:amd64-0.158-0ubuntu5.2
libept1.4.12:amd64-1.0.12
libestr0-0.1.9-0ubuntu2
libevent-2.0-5:amd64-2.0.21-stable-1ubuntu1.14.04.1
libexpat1:amd64-2.1.0-4ubuntu1.1
libffi6:amd64-3.1~rc1+r3.0.13-12ubuntu0.1
libfreetype6:amd64-2.5.2-1ubuntu2.5
libfribidi0:amd64-0.19.6-1
libfuse2:amd64-2.9.2-4ubuntu4.14.04.1
libgc1c2:amd64-1:7.2d-5ubuntu2
libgcc1:amd64-1:4.9.3-0ubuntu4
libgck-1-0:amd64-3.10.1-1
libgcr-3-common-3.10.1-1
libgcr-base-3-1:amd64-3.10.1-1
libgcrypt11:amd64-1.5.3-2ubuntu4.3
libgdbm3:amd64-1.8.3-12build1
libgeoip1:amd64-1.6.0-1
libgirepository-1.0-1-1.40.0-1ubuntu0.2
libglib2.0-0:amd64-2.40.2-0ubuntu1
libglib2.0-data-2.40.2-0ubuntu1
libgnutls-openssl27:amd64-2.12.23-12ubuntu2.5
libgnutls26:amd64-2.12.23-12ubuntu2.5
libgpg-error0:amd64-1.12-0.2ubuntu1
libgpm2:amd64-1.20.4-6.1
libgssapi-krb5-2:amd64-1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2
libgssapi3-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libhcrypto4-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libheimbase1-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libheimntlm0-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libhx509-5-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libicu52:amd64-52.1-3ubuntu0.4
libidn11:amd64-1.28-1ubuntu2
libio-string-perl-1.08-3
libisc95-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
libisccc90-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
libisccfg90-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
libjson-c2:amd64-0.11-3ubuntu1.2
libjson0:amd64-0.11-3ubuntu1.2
libk5crypto3:amd64-1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2
libkeyutils1:amd64-1.5.6-1
libklibc-2.0.3-0ubuntu1
libkmod2:amd64-15-0ubuntu6
libkrb5-26-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libkrb5-3:amd64-1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2
libkrb5support0:amd64-1.12+dfsg-2ubuntu5.2
libldap-2.4-2:amd64-2.4.31-1+nmu2ubuntu8.2
liblocale-gettext-perl-1.05-7build3
liblockfile-bin-1.09-6ubuntu1
liblockfile1:amd64-1.09-6ubuntu1
liblog-message-simple-perl-0.10-1
liblwres90-1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.8
liblzma5:amd64-5.1.1alpha+20120614-2ubuntu2
libmagic1:amd64-1:5.14-2ubuntu3.3
libmodule-pluggable-perl-5.1-1
libmount1:amd64-2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
libmpdec2:amd64-2.4.0-6
libncurses5:amd64-5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1
libncursesw5:amd64-5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1
libnewt0.52:amd64-0.52.15-2ubuntu5
libnfnetlink0:amd64-1.0.1-2
libnih-dbus1:amd64-1.0.3-4ubuntu25
libnih1:amd64-1.0.3-4ubuntu25
libnuma1:amd64-2.0.9~rc5-1ubuntu3.14.04.2
libp11-kit0:amd64-0.20.2-2ubuntu2
libpam-cap:amd64-1:2.24-0ubuntu2
libpam-modules:amd64-1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2
libpam-modules-bin-1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2
libpam-runtime-1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2
libpam-systemd:amd64-204-5ubuntu20.18
libpam0g:amd64-1.1.8-1ubuntu2.2
libparse-debianchangelog-perl-1.2.0-1ubuntu1
libparted0debian1:amd64-2.3-19ubuntu1.14.04.1
libpcap0.8:amd64-1.5.3-2
libpci3:amd64-1:3.2.1-1ubuntu5.1
libpcre3:amd64-1:8.31-2ubuntu2.1
libpipeline1:amd64-1.3.0-1
libplymouth2:amd64-0.8.8-0ubuntu17.1
libpng12-0:amd64-1.2.50-1ubuntu2.14.04.2
libpod-latex-perl-0.61-1
libpolkit-agent-1-0:amd64-0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04.1
libpolkit-backend-1-0:amd64-0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04.1
libpolkit-gobject-1-0:amd64-0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04.1
libpopt0:amd64-1.16-8ubuntu1
libprocps3:amd64-1:3.3.9-1ubuntu2.2
libpython-stdlib:amd64-2.7.5-5ubuntu3
libpython2.7:amd64-2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2
libpython2.7-minimal:amd64-2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2
libpython2.7-stdlib:amd64-2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2
libpython3-stdlib:amd64-3.4.0-0ubuntu2
libpython3.4-minimal:amd64-3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3
libpython3.4-stdlib:amd64-3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3
libreadline6:amd64-6.3-4ubuntu2
libroken18-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
librtmp0:amd64-2.4+20121230.gitdf6c518-1
libsasl2-2:amd64-2.1.25.dfsg1-17build1
libsasl2-modules:amd64-2.1.25.dfsg1-17build1
libsasl2-modules-db:amd64-2.1.25.dfsg1-17build1
libselinux1:amd64-2.2.2-1ubuntu0.1
libsemanage-common-2.2-1
libsemanage1:amd64-2.2-1
libsepol1:amd64-2.2-1ubuntu0.1
libsigc++-2.0-0c2a:amd64-2.2.10-0.2ubuntu2
libsigsegv2:amd64-2.10-2
libslang2:amd64-2.2.4-15ubuntu1
libsqlite3-0:amd64-3.8.2-1ubuntu2.1
libss2:amd64-1.42.9-3ubuntu1.3
libssl1.0.0:amd64-1.0.1f-1ubuntu2.18
libstdc++6:amd64-4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.1
libsub-name-perl-0.05-1build4
libsystemd-daemon0:amd64-204-5ubuntu20.18
libsystemd-login0:amd64-204-5ubuntu20.18
libtasn1-6:amd64-3.4-3ubuntu0.3
libterm-ui-perl-0.42-1
libtext-charwidth-perl-0.04-7build3
libtext-iconv-perl-1.7-5build2
libtext-soundex-perl-3.4-1build1
libtext-wrapi18n-perl-0.06-7
libtimedate-perl-2.3000-1
libtinfo5:amd64-5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1
libudev1:amd64-204-5ubuntu20.18
libusb-0.1-4:amd64-2:0.1.12-23.3ubuntu1
libusb-1.0-0:amd64-2:1.0.17-1ubuntu2
libustr-1.0-1:amd64-1.0.4-3ubuntu2
libuuid1:amd64-2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
libwind0-heimdal:amd64-1.6~git20131207+dfsg-1ubuntu1.1
libwrap0:amd64-7.6.q-25
libx11-6:amd64-2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2
libx11-data-2:1.6.2-1ubuntu2
libxapian22-1.2.16-2ubuntu1
libxau6:amd64-1:1.0.8-1
libxcb1:amd64-1.10-2ubuntu1
libxdmcp6:amd64-1:1.1.1-1
libxext6:amd64-2:1.3.2-1ubuntu0.0.14.04.1
libxml2:amd64-2.9.1+dfsg1-3ubuntu4.7
libxmuu1:amd64-2:1.1.1-1
libxtables10-1.4.21-1ubuntu1
libyaml-0-2:amd64-0.1.4-3ubuntu3.1
locales-2.13+git20120306-12.1
lockfile-progs-0.1.17
login-1:4.1.5.1-1ubuntu9.2
logrotate-3.8.7-1ubuntu1
lsb-base-4.1+Debian11ubuntu6
lsb-release-4.1+Debian11ubuntu6
lshw-02.16-2ubuntu1.3
lsof-4.86+dfsg-1ubuntu2
ltrace-0.7.3-4ubuntu5.1
makedev-2.3.1-93ubuntu1
man-db-2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1
manpages-3.54-1ubuntu1
mawk-1.3.3-17ubuntu2
mime-support-3.54ubuntu1.1
mlocate-0.26-1ubuntu1
module-init-tools-15-0ubuntu6
mount-2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
mountall-2.53
mtr-tiny-0.85-2
multiarch-support-2.19-0ubuntu6.7
nano-2.2.6-1ubuntu1
ncurses-base-5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1
ncurses-bin-5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1
ncurses-term-5.9+20140118-1ubuntu1
net-tools-1.60-25ubuntu2.1
netbase-5.2
netcat-openbsd-1.105-7ubuntu1
ntfs-3g-1:2013.1.13AR.1-2ubuntu2
ntpdate-1:4.2.6.p5+dfsg-3ubuntu2.14.04.8
open-vm-tools-2:9.4.0-1280544-5ubuntu6.2
openssh-client-1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.6
openssh-server-1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.6
openssh-sftp-server-1:6.6p1-2ubuntu2.6
openssl-1.0.1f-1ubuntu2.18
os-prober-1.63ubuntu1.1
overlayroot-0.25ubuntu1.14.04.1
parted-2.3-19ubuntu1.14.04.1
passwd-1:4.1.5.1-1ubuntu9.2
patch-2.7.1-4ubuntu2.3
pciutils-1:3.2.1-1ubuntu5.1
perl-5.18.2-2ubuntu1.1
perl-base-5.18.2-2ubuntu1.1
perl-modules-5.18.2-2ubuntu1.1
plymouth-0.8.8-0ubuntu17.1
plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text-0.8.8-0ubuntu17.1
policykit-1-0.105-4ubuntu3.14.04.1
pollinate-4.7-0ubuntu1.4
popularity-contest-1.57ubuntu1
powermgmt-base-1.31build1
ppp-2.4.5-5.1ubuntu2.2
pppconfig-2.3.19ubuntu1
pppoeconf-1.20ubuntu1
procps-1:3.3.9-1ubuntu2.2
psmisc-22.20-1ubuntu2
python-2.7.5-5ubuntu3
python-apt-0.9.3.5ubuntu2
python-apt-common-0.9.3.5ubuntu2
python-chardet-2.0.1-2build2
python-cheetah-2.4.4-3.fakesyncbuild1
python-configobj-4.7.2+ds-5build1
python-debian-0.1.21+nmu2ubuntu2
python-gdbm-2.7.5-1ubuntu1
python-json-pointer-1.0-2build1
python-jsonpatch-1.3-4
python-minimal-2.7.5-5ubuntu3
python-oauth-1.0.1-3build2
python-openssl-0.13-2ubuntu6
python-pam-0.4.2-13.1ubuntu3
python-pkg-resources-3.3-1ubuntu2
python-prettytable-0.7.2-2ubuntu2
python-pycurl-7.19.3-0ubuntu3
python-requests-2.2.1-1ubuntu0.3
python-serial-2.6-1build1
python-six-1.5.2-1ubuntu1
python-twisted-bin-13.2.0-1ubuntu1
python-twisted-core-13.2.0-1ubuntu1
python-twisted-names-13.2.0-1ubuntu1
python-twisted-web-13.2.0-1ubuntu1
python-urllib3-1.7.1-1ubuntu4
python-xapian-1.2.16-2ubuntu1
python-yaml-3.10-4ubuntu0.1
python-zope.interface-4.0.5-1ubuntu4
python2.7-2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2
python2.7-minimal-2.7.6-8ubuntu0.2
python3-3.4.0-0ubuntu2
python3-apport-2.14.1-0ubuntu3.19
python3-apt-0.9.3.5ubuntu2
python3-commandnotfound-0.3ubuntu12
python3-dbus-1.2.0-2build2
python3-distupgrade-1:0.220.8
python3-gdbm:amd64-3.4.3-1~14.04.2
python3-gi-3.12.0-1ubuntu1
python3-minimal-3.4.0-0ubuntu2
python3-newt-0.52.15-2ubuntu5
python3-problem-report-2.14.1-0ubuntu3.19
python3-pycurl-7.19.3-0ubuntu3
python3-software-properties-0.92.37.7
python3-update-manager-1:0.196.14
python3.4-3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3
python3.4-minimal-3.4.3-1ubuntu1~14.04.3
readline-common-6.3-4ubuntu2
resolvconf-1.69ubuntu1.1
rsync-3.1.0-2ubuntu0.2
rsyslog-7.4.4-1ubuntu2.6
run-one-1.17-0ubuntu1
screen-4.1.0~20120320gitdb59704-9
sed-4.2.2-4ubuntu1
sensible-utils-0.0.9
sgml-base-1.26+nmu4ubuntu1
shared-mime-info-1.2-0ubuntu3
software-properties-common-0.92.37.7
ssh-import-id-3.21-0ubuntu1
strace-4.8-1ubuntu5
sudo-1.8.9p5-1ubuntu1.2
systemd-services-204-5ubuntu20.18
systemd-shim-6-2bzr1
sysv-rc-2.88dsf-41ubuntu6.3
sysvinit-utils-2.88dsf-41ubuntu6.3
tar-1.27.1-1
tasksel-2.88ubuntu15
tasksel-data-2.88ubuntu15
tcpd-7.6.q-25
tcpdump-4.5.1-2ubuntu1.2
telnet-0.17-36build2
time-1.7-24
tmux-1.8-5
tzdata-2016b-0ubuntu0.14.04
ubuntu-keyring-2012.05.19
ubuntu-minimal-1.325
ubuntu-release-upgrader-core-1:0.220.8
ubuntu-standard-1.325
ucf-3.0027+nmu1
udev-204-5ubuntu20.18
ufw-0.34~rc-0ubuntu2
unattended-upgrades-0.82.1ubuntu2.4
update-manager-core-1:0.196.14
update-notifier-common-0.154.1ubuntu1
upstart-1.12.1-0ubuntu4.2
ureadahead-0.100.0-16
usbutils-1:007-2ubuntu1.1
util-linux-2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
uuid-runtime-2.20.1-5.1ubuntu20.7
vim-2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3
vim-common-2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3
vim-runtime-2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3
vim-tiny-2:7.4.052-1ubuntu3
w3m-0.5.3-15
wget-1.15-1ubuntu1.14.04.1
whiptail-0.52.15-2ubuntu5
xauth-1:1.0.7-1ubuntu1
xkb-data-2.10.1-1ubuntu1
xml-core-0.13+nmu2
xz-utils-5.1.1alpha+20120614-2ubuntu2
zerofree-1.0.2-1ubuntu1
acpid-1:2.0.21-1ubuntu2
adduser-3.113+nmu3ubuntu3
apparmor-2.8.95~2430-0ubuntu5.3
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